| Noun ending | Forming the plural | Examples |
| s, x, ch, sh | Add -es | boss - bosses tax - taxes church - churches bush - bushes |
| consonant + y | Change y to i then Add -es |
country - countries fly - flies try - tries curry - curries |
| Ends with - fe | Change f to v then add es |
knife - knives wife - wives life - lives |
| Ends with - f | Change f to v then add es |
half - halves shelf - shelves wolf - wolves |
| Ends with - o | Add es | hero - heroes potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes volcano - volcanoes |
| Ends with - us | Change us to i | cactus - cacti nucleus - nuclei focus - foci volcano - volcanoes |
| Ends with - is | Change is to es | analysis - analyses crisis - crises thesis - theses |
| Ends with - on | Change on to a | criterion - criteria phenomenon - phenomena |
| most others | Add -s | boy - boys cat - cats face - faces day - days |
